The box model is a fundamental concept in CSS that describes the layout and structure of HTML elements. It represents each HTML element as a rectangular box with distinct areas: content, padding, border, and margin. These areas work together to determine the overall size and appearance of the element.
It has 4 main parts:
Content: This is the actual content of the element, such as text, images, or other media. It is the innermost part of the box.
Padding: The padding area is the transparent space that surrounds the content area ,it is the space between the content and the border of the box. It provides spacing and separation between the content and the border.
Border: The border is a visible line that surrounds the padding and content. It can be used to add decoration or visual separation between elements.
Margin: The margin is the space outside the border, which separates one element from another. It creates spacing between elements on the page.
The box model is an important concept for understanding how CSS works. It is used to calculate the dimensions of HTML elements and to position them on a page.
There is also an alternative box model called the border-box box model. In the border-box box model, the width and height properties of an element are applied to the entire box, including the padding and border. Means if we add some padding or border in the stylesheet it will add to its pre defined width and height and will not take extra space but this is not so with normal box model.
code to demonstrate it: you have to open it with live server and then click right and select the inspect option and now you can play with box.
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="box.css">
<title>Document</title>
<style>
div
{
padding: 20px;
margin: 4px;
border: 5px solid rgb(0, 110, 255);
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<p> this is paragraph </p>
<div> this is div </div>
</body>
</html>
box.css:
/* normal box model*/
div
{
padding: 20px;
margin: 4px;
border: 5px solid red;
}
/*box-sizing:box model*/
div
{ box-sizing: border-box;
padding: 20px;
margin: 4px;
border: 5px solid red;
}